拉曼光谱技术以光子的非弹性散射为基础，具有实时、非侵入、快速等优点，作为一种分析工具被广泛应用于各个研究领域。在医学检验领域中，拉曼光谱不仅可以提供细胞和组织的化学成分信息，还能检测发生病变的细胞和组织在生化信息的组成和结构上的差异，在医学检验领域极具应用前景。概述了目前可能应用于医学检验的几种拉曼技术；阐述了拉曼光谱技术应用于生物液体样本和其他样本的一些关键问题。针对生物液体样本，重点评估了血液、尿液和脑脊液等流体样本的适用情况；总结了用于拉曼检测的医学样本的收集和保存方法。同时，介绍了拉曼光谱数据的处理与分析方法，通过光谱的预处理，结合统计学方法、机器学习方法进行特征提取与分类识别，实现拉曼光谱和生化信息的映射。对拉曼光谱应用于医学检验的关键问题进行讨论，探讨了临床转化需要克服的问题及发展前景。

The requirements for dichroic laser mirrors continue to increase with the development of laser technology. The challenge of a dichroic laser mirror coating is to simultaneously obtain spectral performance with significantly different reflection or transmission properties as well as a high laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) at two different wavelengths. Traditional dichroic laser mirrors composed of alternating high- and low-refractive-index pure materials often has difficulty achieving excellent spectral performance and high LIDTs at two wavelengths simultaneously. We propose to use a new design with mixture layers and sandwich-like-structure interfaces to meet the challenging requirements. An Al2O3-HfO2 mixture-based dichroic laser mirror, which can be used as a harmonic separator in a fusion-class laser or a pump/signal beam separator in a petawatt-class Ti-sapphire laser system, is experimentally demonstrated using e-beam deposition. The mixture-based dichroic mirror coating shows good spectral performance, fine mechanical property, low absorption, and high LIDT. For the s-polarized 7.7 ns pulses at a wavelength of 532 nm and the p-polarized 12 ns pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm, the LIDTs are almost doubled. The excellent performance of this new design strategy with mixture layers and sandwich-like-structure interfaces suggests its wide applicability in high-performance laser coating.

We propose and simulate a method for generating a three-dimensional (3D) optical cage in the vicinity of focus by focusing a double-ring shaped radially and azimuthally polarized beam. Our study shows that the combination of an inner ring with an azimuthally polarized field and an outer ring with a radially polarized field and a phase factor can produce an optical cage with a dark region enclosed by higher intensity. The shape of the cage can be tailored by appropriately adjusting the parameters of double-mode beams. Furthermore, multiple 3D optical cages can be realized by applying the shift theorem of the Fourier transform and macro-pixel sampling algorithm to a double-ring shaped radially and azimuthally polarized beam.